Progressive muscle relaxation for blood pressure reduction in institutionalized older adults with hypertension

Abstract

Background: Hypertension remains a critical global health issue, affecting approximately 972 million people (24.4%) worldwide. In Indonesia, the prevalence has risen to 34.1%, particularly affecting the elderly population. Specifically in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), there is a significant gap in healthcare access, where only 15.7% of the 358,110 hypertensive individuals receive appropriate medical services. This lack of access necessitates effective non-pharmacological interventions.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) techniques on reducing blood pressure among elderly individuals with hypertension at the Mandalika Social Home for the Elderly (PSLU) in Mataram.

Methods: This study employed a quantitative research design with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test approach. The population included all elderly residents with hypertension at the Mandalika Social Home. A total of 38 respondents were selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and observation sheets to measure blood pressure pre- and post-intervention.

Results: Prior to the intervention, the majority of respondents exhibited high blood pressure levels, with 18 individuals classified as having severe hypertension. Following the implementation of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, there was a clinical improvement, with 23 respondents shifting to the moderate hypertension category. Statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Progressive Muscle Relaxation techniques are statistically significant and effective in reducing blood pressure among elderly individuals residing in the Mandalika Social Home, Mataram. It is recommended that nursing staff and caregivers at the social home integrate Progressive Muscle Relaxation into the daily routine or physical activity programs for the elderly to help manage hypertension and improve overall cardiovascular health.